This LCD based electronic voting machine is designed for four candidates. The input part consists of a set of six tactile switches. The switches and 16x2 LCD are interfaced to microcontroller AT89S52 for various operations and displays. The provision of casting votes for the candidates has been provided through four of these switches. These switches are made active high and connected to pins 2-5 (P1^1 – P1^4) of the controller. The remaining two switches (both active low) are to start and stop the voting procedure. They are connected to pins 1 and 6 (P1^0 and P1^5) respectively. The Init (start) switch initializes the voting system when pressed, while the Stop switch ends the voting and displays the poll results on LCD screen. For more details on working with LCD, refer LCD interfacing with 8051. The data pins of the LCD (pins 7-14) are connected to the output port P2 of the microcontroller. The control pins (RS, R/W and EN) are connected to port P3 pins P3^0, P3^1 & P3^6 respectively.
Working:The voting is started by pressing the Init switch after which the user is prompted to vote. The count of votes is stored in four different variables. As soon as the user votes for a candidate by pressing one of the switches, the value of the corresponding variable is increased by one. After this a Thank you message is displayed on LCD to acknowledge the registration of user’s vote. The message stays on the screen until the next user either presses the Init button to cast another vote or Stop switch is pressed get the poll results. When the stop button is pressed, the names of the candidates are displayed along with their vote counts. After some delay, the result is displayed which could be either declaration of the winner candidate or the candidates with a clash of their number of votes.
Circuit:
Code:#include<reg51.h>#define msec 50#define lcd_data_str_pin P2 sbit rs = P3^0; //Register select (RS) pinsbit rw = P3^1; //Read write(RW) pinsbit en = P3^6; //Enable(EN) pinsbit ini_pin = P1^0; // Start voting pinsbit stop_pin = P1^5; // Stop voting pin
sbit candidate_1=P1^1; //Candidate1sbit candidate_2=P1^2; //Candidate2sbit candidate_3=P1^3; //Candidate3sbit candidate_4=P1^4; //Candidate4int max = 0;int carry = 0;int arr[4];
int vote_amt[3],j;unsigned int vote_1,vote_2,vote_3,vote_4;
void delay(int delay_time) // Time delay function{int j,k;for(j=0;j<=delay_time;j++) for(k=0;k<=1000;k++);}
void lcd_cmd(unsigned char cmd_addr) //Function to send command to LCD{lcd_data_str_pin = cmd_addr;en = 1;rs = 0;rw = 0;delay(1);en = 0;return;}
void lcd_data_str(char str[50]) //Function to send string{ int p;for (p=0;str[p]!='\0';p++){ lcd_data_str_pin = str[p]; rw = 0; rs = 1; en = 1; delay(1); en = 0;}return;}
void lcd_data_int(unsigned int vote) //Function to send 0-9 character values{ char dig_ctrl_var;int p;for (j=2;j>=0;j--){ vote_amt[j]=vote%10; vote=vote/10;}
for (p=0;p<=2;p++){ dig_ctrl_var = vote_amt[p]+48; lcd_data_str_pin = dig_ctrl_var; rw = 0; rs = 1; en = 1; delay(1); en = 0;}return;}
void vote_count() // Function to count votes{while (candidate_1==0 && candidate_2==0 && candidate_3==0 && candidate_4==0);if (candidate_1==1){ while (candidate_1 == 1); { vote_1 = vote_1 + 1; }}
if (candidate_2==1){ while (candidate_2 == 1); { vote_2 = vote_2 + 1; }}
if (candidate_3==1){ while (candidate_3 == 1); { vote_3 = vote_3 + 1; }}
if (candidate_4==1){ while (candidate_4 == 1); { vote_4 = vote_4 + 1; }}}
void lcd_ini(){ lcd_cmd(0x38);delay(msec);lcd_cmd(0x0E);delay(msec);lcd_cmd(0x01);delay(msec);lcd_cmd(0x81);delay(msec);lcd_data_str("Welcome!!!");delay(100);lcd_cmd(0x01);delay(msec);lcd_cmd(0x80);delay(msec);lcd_data_str( "Press" );delay(msec);lcd_cmd(0x14);delay(msec);lcd_data_str("Button");delay(msec);
delay(msec);lcd_cmd(0xC0);delay(msec);lcd_data_str("to");delay(msec);lcd_cmd(0x14);delay(msec);lcd_data_str("vote");delay(100);lcd_cmd(0x01);delay(msec);lcd_cmd(0x80);delay(msec);lcd_data_str("P1");delay(msec);lcd_cmd(0x84);delay(msec);lcd_data_str("P2");delay(msec);lcd_cmd(0x88);delay(msec);lcd_data_str("P3");delay(msec);lcd_cmd(0x8C);delay(msec);lcd_data_str("P4");delay(msec);
vote_count();lcd_cmd(0x01);delay(msec);lcd_cmd(0x85);delay(msec);lcd_data_str("Thank");delay(msec);lcd_cmd(0x14);delay(msec);lcd_data_str("You!!");delay(100);}
void results() // Function to show results{int i;carry = 0;lcd_cmd(0x01);delay(msec);lcd_cmd(0x80);delay(msec);lcd_data_str("Results");delay(msec);lcd_cmd(0x14);delay(msec);lcd_data_str("Are");delay(msec);lcd_cmd(0x14);delay(msec);lcd_data_str("Out");delay(msec);
lcd_cmd(0x01);delay(msec);lcd_cmd(0x80);delay(msec);lcd_data_str("P1");delay(msec);lcd_cmd(0x84);delay(msec);lcd_data_str("P2");delay(msec);lcd_cmd(0x88);delay(msec);lcd_data_str("P3");delay(msec);lcd_cmd(0x8C);delay(msec);lcd_data_str("P4");delay(msec);
lcd_cmd(0xC0);delay(100);lcd_data_int(vote_1);delay(msec);
lcd_cmd(0xC4);delay(msec);lcd_data_int(vote_2);delay(msec);
lcd_cmd(0xC8);delay(msec);lcd_data_int(vote_3);delay(msec);
lcd_cmd(0xCC);delay(msec);lcd_data_int(vote_4);delay(300);
arr[0] = vote_1;arr[1] = vote_2;arr[2] = vote_3;arr[3] = vote_4;
for( i=0; i<4; i++){ if(arr[i]>=max) max = arr[i];}
if ( (vote_1 == max) && ( vote_2 != max) && (vote_3 != max)&& (vote_4 != max) ){ carry = 1; lcd_cmd(0x01); delay(msec); lcd_cmd(0x82); delay(msec); lcd_data_str("Hurray!!!"); delay(50); lcd_cmd(0xC4); delay(msec); lcd_data_str("P1"); delay(msec); lcd_cmd(0x14); delay(msec); lcd_data_str("wins"); delay(msec);}
if ( (vote_2 == max) && ( vote_1 != max) && (vote_3 != max)&& (vote_4 != max) ){ carry = 1; lcd_cmd(0x01); delay(msec); lcd_cmd(0x82); delay(msec); lcd_data_str("Hurray!!!"); delay(50); lcd_cmd(0xC4); delay(msec); lcd_data_str("P2"); delay(msec); lcd_cmd(0x14); delay(msec); lcd_data_str("wins"); delay(msec);}
if ( (vote_3 == max) && ( vote_2 != max) && (vote_1 != max)&& (vote_4 != max) ){ carry = 1; lcd_cmd(0x01); delay(msec); lcd_cmd(0x82); delay(msec); lcd_data_str("Hurray!!!"); delay(50); lcd_cmd(0xC4); delay(msec); lcd_data_str("P3"); delay(msec); lcd_cmd(0x14); delay(msec); lcd_data_str("wins"); delay(msec);}
if ( (vote_4 == max) && ( vote_2 != max) && (vote_3 != max)&& (vote_1 != max) ){ carry = 1; lcd_cmd(0x01); delay(msec); lcd_cmd(0x82); delay(msec); lcd_data_str("Hurray!!!"); delay(50); lcd_cmd(0xC4); delay(msec); lcd_data_str("P4"); delay(msec); lcd_cmd(0x14); delay(msec); lcd_data_str("wins"); delay(msec);}
if (carry==0){ lcd_cmd(0x01); delay(msec); lcd_cmd(0x82); delay(msec); lcd_data_str("clash"); delay(50); lcd_cmd(0x14); delay(msec); lcd_data_str("between!!!"); delay(50); if(vote_2 == max) { lcd_cmd(0xC5); lcd_data_str("P2"); delay(50); } if(vote_3 == max) { lcd_cmd(0xC9); lcd_data_str("P3"); delay(50); } if(vote_4 == max) { lcd_cmd(0xCD); lcd_data_str("P4"); delay(50); }}}
void main(){ini_pin = stop_pin = 1;vote_1 = vote_2 = vote_3 = vote_4 = 0;candidate_1 = candidate_2 = candidate_3 = candidate_4 = 0;lcd_cmd(0x38);delay(msec);lcd_cmd(0x0E);delay(msec);lcd_cmd(0x01);delay(msec);lcd_cmd(0x80);delay(msec);lcd_data_str( "Press" );delay(msec);lcd_cmd(0x14);delay(msec);lcd_data_str("init");delay(msec);
delay(msec);lcd_cmd(0xC0);delay(msec);lcd_data_str("to");delay(msec);lcd_cmd(0x14);delay(msec);lcd_data_str("begin");delay(100);while(1){ while(ini_pin != 0) { if (stop_pin == 0) break; } if (stop_pin == 0) { break; } lcd_ini();}
while(1){results();}}
sbit candidate_1=P1^1; //Candidate1sbit candidate_2=P1^2; //Candidate2sbit candidate_3=P1^3; //Candidate3sbit candidate_4=P1^4; //Candidate4int max = 0;int carry = 0;int arr[4];
int vote_amt[3],j;unsigned int vote_1,vote_2,vote_3,vote_4;
void delay(int delay_time) // Time delay function{int j,k;for(j=0;j<=delay_time;j++) for(k=0;k<=1000;k++);}
void lcd_cmd(unsigned char cmd_addr) //Function to send command to LCD{lcd_data_str_pin = cmd_addr;en = 1;rs = 0;rw = 0;delay(1);en = 0;return;}
void lcd_data_str(char str[50]) //Function to send string{ int p;for (p=0;str[p]!='\0';p++){ lcd_data_str_pin = str[p]; rw = 0; rs = 1; en = 1; delay(1); en = 0;}return;}
void lcd_data_int(unsigned int vote) //Function to send 0-9 character values{ char dig_ctrl_var;int p;for (j=2;j>=0;j--){ vote_amt[j]=vote%10; vote=vote/10;}
for (p=0;p<=2;p++){ dig_ctrl_var = vote_amt[p]+48; lcd_data_str_pin = dig_ctrl_var; rw = 0; rs = 1; en = 1; delay(1); en = 0;}return;}
void vote_count() // Function to count votes{while (candidate_1==0 && candidate_2==0 && candidate_3==0 && candidate_4==0);if (candidate_1==1){ while (candidate_1 == 1); { vote_1 = vote_1 + 1; }}
if (candidate_2==1){ while (candidate_2 == 1); { vote_2 = vote_2 + 1; }}
if (candidate_3==1){ while (candidate_3 == 1); { vote_3 = vote_3 + 1; }}
if (candidate_4==1){ while (candidate_4 == 1); { vote_4 = vote_4 + 1; }}}
void lcd_ini(){ lcd_cmd(0x38);delay(msec);lcd_cmd(0x0E);delay(msec);lcd_cmd(0x01);delay(msec);lcd_cmd(0x81);delay(msec);lcd_data_str("Welcome!!!");delay(100);lcd_cmd(0x01);delay(msec);lcd_cmd(0x80);delay(msec);lcd_data_str( "Press" );delay(msec);lcd_cmd(0x14);delay(msec);lcd_data_str("Button");delay(msec);
delay(msec);lcd_cmd(0xC0);delay(msec);lcd_data_str("to");delay(msec);lcd_cmd(0x14);delay(msec);lcd_data_str("vote");delay(100);lcd_cmd(0x01);delay(msec);lcd_cmd(0x80);delay(msec);lcd_data_str("P1");delay(msec);lcd_cmd(0x84);delay(msec);lcd_data_str("P2");delay(msec);lcd_cmd(0x88);delay(msec);lcd_data_str("P3");delay(msec);lcd_cmd(0x8C);delay(msec);lcd_data_str("P4");delay(msec);
vote_count();lcd_cmd(0x01);delay(msec);lcd_cmd(0x85);delay(msec);lcd_data_str("Thank");delay(msec);lcd_cmd(0x14);delay(msec);lcd_data_str("You!!");delay(100);}
void results() // Function to show results{int i;carry = 0;lcd_cmd(0x01);delay(msec);lcd_cmd(0x80);delay(msec);lcd_data_str("Results");delay(msec);lcd_cmd(0x14);delay(msec);lcd_data_str("Are");delay(msec);lcd_cmd(0x14);delay(msec);lcd_data_str("Out");delay(msec);
lcd_cmd(0x01);delay(msec);lcd_cmd(0x80);delay(msec);lcd_data_str("P1");delay(msec);lcd_cmd(0x84);delay(msec);lcd_data_str("P2");delay(msec);lcd_cmd(0x88);delay(msec);lcd_data_str("P3");delay(msec);lcd_cmd(0x8C);delay(msec);lcd_data_str("P4");delay(msec);
lcd_cmd(0xC0);delay(100);lcd_data_int(vote_1);delay(msec);
lcd_cmd(0xC4);delay(msec);lcd_data_int(vote_2);delay(msec);
lcd_cmd(0xC8);delay(msec);lcd_data_int(vote_3);delay(msec);
lcd_cmd(0xCC);delay(msec);lcd_data_int(vote_4);delay(300);
arr[0] = vote_1;arr[1] = vote_2;arr[2] = vote_3;arr[3] = vote_4;
for( i=0; i<4; i++){ if(arr[i]>=max) max = arr[i];}
if ( (vote_1 == max) && ( vote_2 != max) && (vote_3 != max)&& (vote_4 != max) ){ carry = 1; lcd_cmd(0x01); delay(msec); lcd_cmd(0x82); delay(msec); lcd_data_str("Hurray!!!"); delay(50); lcd_cmd(0xC4); delay(msec); lcd_data_str("P1"); delay(msec); lcd_cmd(0x14); delay(msec); lcd_data_str("wins"); delay(msec);}
if ( (vote_2 == max) && ( vote_1 != max) && (vote_3 != max)&& (vote_4 != max) ){ carry = 1; lcd_cmd(0x01); delay(msec); lcd_cmd(0x82); delay(msec); lcd_data_str("Hurray!!!"); delay(50); lcd_cmd(0xC4); delay(msec); lcd_data_str("P2"); delay(msec); lcd_cmd(0x14); delay(msec); lcd_data_str("wins"); delay(msec);}
if ( (vote_3 == max) && ( vote_2 != max) && (vote_1 != max)&& (vote_4 != max) ){ carry = 1; lcd_cmd(0x01); delay(msec); lcd_cmd(0x82); delay(msec); lcd_data_str("Hurray!!!"); delay(50); lcd_cmd(0xC4); delay(msec); lcd_data_str("P3"); delay(msec); lcd_cmd(0x14); delay(msec); lcd_data_str("wins"); delay(msec);}
if ( (vote_4 == max) && ( vote_2 != max) && (vote_3 != max)&& (vote_1 != max) ){ carry = 1; lcd_cmd(0x01); delay(msec); lcd_cmd(0x82); delay(msec); lcd_data_str("Hurray!!!"); delay(50); lcd_cmd(0xC4); delay(msec); lcd_data_str("P4"); delay(msec); lcd_cmd(0x14); delay(msec); lcd_data_str("wins"); delay(msec);}
if (carry==0){ lcd_cmd(0x01); delay(msec); lcd_cmd(0x82); delay(msec); lcd_data_str("clash"); delay(50); lcd_cmd(0x14); delay(msec); lcd_data_str("between!!!"); delay(50); if(vote_2 == max) { lcd_cmd(0xC5); lcd_data_str("P2"); delay(50); } if(vote_3 == max) { lcd_cmd(0xC9); lcd_data_str("P3"); delay(50); } if(vote_4 == max) { lcd_cmd(0xCD); lcd_data_str("P4"); delay(50); }}}
void main(){ini_pin = stop_pin = 1;vote_1 = vote_2 = vote_3 = vote_4 = 0;candidate_1 = candidate_2 = candidate_3 = candidate_4 = 0;lcd_cmd(0x38);delay(msec);lcd_cmd(0x0E);delay(msec);lcd_cmd(0x01);delay(msec);lcd_cmd(0x80);delay(msec);lcd_data_str( "Press" );delay(msec);lcd_cmd(0x14);delay(msec);lcd_data_str("init");delay(msec);
delay(msec);lcd_cmd(0xC0);delay(msec);lcd_data_str("to");delay(msec);lcd_cmd(0x14);delay(msec);lcd_data_str("begin");delay(100);while(1){ while(ini_pin != 0) { if (stop_pin == 0) break; } if (stop_pin == 0) { break; } lcd_ini();}
while(1){results();}}
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